The medieval Ingush towers, known as Vepshi, were built by the Ingush people, an indigenous ethnic group in North Caucasus region, between the 13th and 17th Centuries AD. These towers are located in the mountainous regions of what is now Ingushetia, Russia. The Ingush people built these structures as part of defensive and residential complexes. The towers served many purposes, including fortifications, houses, and watchtowers to protect against invasions. They are typically built of local stone and are between 15 and 25m high. They have a square base and taper slightly as they rise, usually consisting of four to five stories. The lower floors usually have small, narrow windows for defensive purposes, while the upper floors may have larger windows and openings. The tower walls can be up to one meter thick in some places and often feature decorative stonework and inscriptions.